Darts) as a defining feature of any “extreme or high risk sport” ( Palmer, 2002). A further classification would consider physical risk (e.g., BASE Jumping vs. In the same manner, classification of extreme or high risk could partly be due to peak static and dynamic components achieved during competition ( Mitchell et al., 2005), which may result in bodily changes such as high blood pressure (e.g., Squash vs. Both “high risk” and “extreme sport” are defined as any “sport where one has to accept a possibility of severe injury or death as an inherent part of the activity” ( Breivik et al., 1994). “Extreme sport” appears to be used interchangeably with “high risk sport” in much of the research literature.
The question of what is an extreme sport and whether the term “extreme sport” should be used to label particular sports can be viewed from a variety of angles. “Extreme Sport” – Challenging the Definition Moreover, an unsuccessful outcome is “likely to result in the injury or fatality of the participant, in contrast to non-extreme sport” ( Cohen, 2016, p. Based on this review it is argued that a new definition of an extreme sport is one of “a (predominantly) competitive (comparison or self-evaluative) activity within which the participant is subjected to natural or unusual physical demands. The aim of this article is twofold: firstly, to demonstrate whether the term “extreme sport” in scientific terms, has developed into a misnomer, misleading in the context of the sports it tends to encompass, secondly, to propose a revised, more accurate definition of extreme sport, reflective of the activities it encompasses in the context of other non-mainstream sports.
Due to the lack of literature on this subject area it was not thought pertinent to conduct a systematic review. This review does not examine any hypotheses and is a narrative based on key papers. This literary review of contemporary and historical research articles raises the key question of whether the definition of extreme sport is one of risk-taking with a high chance of injury or death or whether there are additional aspects to consider such as lifestyle or a relationship to the natural environment. Indeed, the lack of consistency within the term “extreme sport" means that those wishing to study this field are forced to create their own criteria as a starting point, often in a less than scientific manner.
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